What are penalty points in BJJ competition?

Understanding the penalty system helps you avoid giving free points to your opponent and lets you use the rules to your advantage when facing a stalling opponent. Under IBJJF rules, the penalty progression is: first offense gets a verbal warning, second offense gives an advantage to the opponent, third offense gives two points to the opponent, and the fourth offense results in disqualification. Common penalties include stalling in a position without advancing or attacking, pulling guard without grips, grabbing inside the pants or sleeves, running off the mat to avoid engagement, and using an illegal technique that does not cause injury. Some offenses warrant immediate disqualification, such as slams and some illegal techniques. Being aware of what constitutes a penalty also helps you avoid inadvertently committing one. For example, if you are in your opponent guard and not actively working to pass, the referee may penalize you for stalling. Always maintain an offensive posture to stay on the right side of the rules.